"We have found a new detection scheme that may lead to the world's smallest gyroscope sooner," said Li Ge, physicist at the City University of New York.
More than creative learning toys, gyroscopes are indispensable components in a number of technologies, including inertial guidance systems, which monitor an object's motion and orientation.
Space probes, satellites and rockets continuously rely on these systems for accurate flight control.
Optical gyroscopes have no moving parts. Instead, dual light waves race around an optical cavity or fibre, constantly passing each other as they travel in opposite directions.
After directly measuring the colour change of the light waves, the researchers determined that they could measure the pattern the light produced as it exited the cavity.
"That was our key innovation - finding a new signal with a much improved sensitivity to rotation," said Ge in a paper that published in The Optical Society's (OSA) new journal Optica.
A pair of light waves - one zipping clockwise the other counterclockwise around a microscopic track - holds the key.
According to researchers, further studies are needed to take into consideration the possibility that many modes, or light paths, exist simultaneously in the cavity.
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