The ruling follows a legal complaint lodged in October by France's Union of Jewish Students (UEJF) which argued that numerous tweets had breached French law prohibiting incitement to racial hatred.
The union had been pressing Twitter to exercise tighter control of what appeared on its site following a deluge of anti-Semitic messages posted under the hashtag #unbonjuif (#agoodjew).
Twitter later removed some of the offending tweets.
The UEJF took legal action aimed at forcing Twitter to identify the authors of some of the posts.
The court in Paris on Thursday said the site must do this "within the framework of its French site".
In October, Twitter suspended the account of a neo-Nazi group in Germany following a request from the government in Berlin. It was the first time the US firm had acted on a request of that nature from a government.
Get your daily dose of tech news, reviews, and insights, in under 80 characters on Gadgets 360 Turbo. Connect with fellow tech lovers on our Forum. Follow us on X, Facebook, WhatsApp, Threads and Google News for instant updates. Catch all the action on our YouTube channel.
Apple Watch Series 12
Starts from ₹56,900
Samsung Galaxy Watch Ultra 2
Starts from ₹59,909
Samsung Galaxy Watch 9 (44mm, LTE)
Starts from ₹41,999
Samsung Galaxy Watch 9 (40mm, LTE)
Starts from ₹38,999
Samsung Galaxy Watch 9 (40mm)
Starts from ₹37,999
Samsung Galaxy Watch 9 (44mm)
Starts from ₹40,999
God of War Laufey Pre-Orders Begin September 29; Digital Deluxe Edition, New Combat Details Revealed
Ai+ Pulse 2 FE Launched in India Alongside Ai+ NovaTab, Nova LapTab 5G Tablets: Price, Specifications