Apple responds to Address Book criticism, US Congress seeks explanation

Apple has finally responded to reports and allegations that dozens of iOS applications have been accessing, sharing and storing user contact data without explicit permission. Path was the first to be flagged for this, after an iOS user, Arun Thampi discovered that Path was collecting the data off his address book without first asking his consent.

Apple has faced growing criticism that it has given iOS developers far too much access to address book information without requiring a user prompt. Among other applications, Twitter, too, admitted to uploading address book data without users' permission. They've since made the process more explicit.

The company agreed with that assessment, arguably something they should've done a long time back and admitted their mistake. They said that soon, apps that use address book data will require explicit user permission to do so.

Apple's comments were followed by an inquiry from House Energy & Commerce Committee Chairman Henry Waxman and Commerce Manufacturing and Trade Subcommittee Chair G.K. Butterfield, expressing concerns over Path's collecting address book information.

While Path's CEO apologised and "fixed the bug" so to say and introduced a notification asking user permission to access data, two crucial questions came to mind - how do other app developers access the data? And secondly, how exactly do they utilize it?

Butterfield and Waxman have given Apple until February 29 to answer the questions.

The letter, wasn't exactly hunky-dorey. It quoted excerpts of Apple's iOS developer website which stated that Apple provides all the tools and frameworks required for storing, accessing and sharing data. It is then questioned whether Apple requires apps to request user permission before transmitting data about a user. The letter goes onto quote Dustin Curtis' article Stealing your Address Book stating: "there's a quiet understanding among many iOS app developers that it is acceptable to send a user's entire address book, without their permission".

To top it all, the legislators stated "This incident raises questions about whether Apple's iOS app developer policies and practices may fall short when it comes to protecting the information of iPhone users and their contacts."

The Committee's full letter, below:

Mr. Tim Cook

Chief Executive Officer, Apple Inc.

1 Infinite Loop

Cupertino, CA 95014

Dear Mr. Cook:

Last week, independent iOS app developer Arun Thampi blogged about his discovery that the social networking app "Path" was accessing and collecting the contents of his iPhone address book without ever having asked for his consent.[1] The information taken without his permission - or that of the individual contacts who own that information - included full names, phone numbers, and email addresses.[2] Following media coverage of Mr. Thampi's discovery, Path's Co-Founder and CEO Dave Morin quickly apologized, promised to delete from Path's servers all data it had taken from its users' address books, and announced the release of a new version of Path that would prompt users to opt in to sharing their address book contacts.[3]

This incident raises questions about whether Apple's iOS app developer policies and practices may fall short when it comes to protecting the information of iPhone users and their contacts.

The data management section of your iOS developer website states: "iOS has a comprehensive collection of tools and frameworks for storing, accessing, and sharing data. ... iOS apps even have access to a device's global data such as contacts in the Address Book, and photos in the Photo Library."[4] The app store review guidelines section states: "We review every app on the App Store based on a set of technical, content, and design criteria. This review criteria is now available to you in the App Store Review Guidelines"[5] This same section indicates that the guidelines are available only to registered members of the iOS Developer Program.[6] However, tech blogs following the Path controversy indicate that the iOS App Guidelines require apps to get a user's permission before "transmit[ting] data about a user".[7]

In spite of this guidance, claims have been made that "there's a quiet understanding among many iOS app developers that it is acceptable to send a user's entire address book, without their permission, to remote servers and then store it for future reference. It's common practice, and many companies likely have your address book stored in their database."[8] One blogger claims to have conducted a survey of developers of popular iOS apps and found that 13 of 15 had a "contacts database with millions of records" - with one claiming to have a database containing "Mark Zuckerberg's cell phone number, Larry Ellison's home phone number and Bill Gates' cell phone number."[9]

The fact that the previous version of Path was able to gain approval for distribution through the Apple iTunes Store despite taking the contents of users' address books without their permission suggests that there could be some truth to these claims. To more fully understand and assess these claims, we are requesting that you respond to the following questions:

- Please describe all iOS App Guidelines that concern criteria related to the privacy and security of data that will be accessed or transmitted by an app.

- Please describe how you determine whether an app meets those criteria.

- What data do you consider to be "data about a user" that is subject to the requirement that the app obtain the user's consent before it is transmitted?

- To the extent not addressed in the response to question 2, please describe how you determine whether an app will transmit "data about a user" and whether the consent requirement has been met.

- How many iOS apps in the U.S. iTunes Store transmit "data about a user"?

- Do you consider the contents of the address book to be "data about a user"?

- Do you consider the contents of the address book to be data of the contact? If not, please explain why not. Please explain how you protect the privacy and security interests of that contact in his or her information.

- How many iOS apps in the U.S. iTunes Store transmit information from the address book? How many of those ask for the user's consent before transmitting their contacts' information?

- You have built into your devices the ability to turn off in one place the transmission of location information entirely or on an app-by-app basis. Please explain why you have not done the same for address book information.

Please provide the information requested no later than February 29, 2012. If you have any questions regarding this request, you can contact Felipe Mendoza with the Energy and Commerce Committee Staff at 202-226-3400.

Sincerely,

Henry A. Waxman, Ranking Member

G.K. Butterfield, Ranking Member

Subcommittee on Commerce, Manufacturing, and Trade