Nasa's Curiosity Rover Finds Organic Matter on Mars

In a promising find, the Nasa Curiosity rover has detected organic molecules - the building blocks of all known forms of terrestrial life - on Mars.

The organic molecules, found by the team responsible for the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on Curiosity, were in a drilled sample of the Sheepbed mudstone in Gale crater - the rover's landing site - the US space agency said in a statement.

Organic molecules consist of a wide variety of molecules made primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

However, organic molecules can also be made by chemical reactions that do not involve life.

Examples of non-biological sources include chemical reactions in water at ancient Martian hot springs or delivery of organic material to Mars by interplanetary dust or fragments of asteroids and comets.

The surface of Mars is currently inhospitable to life as we know it, but there is evidence that the Red Planet once had a climate that could have supported life billions of years ago.

"We think life began on Earth around 3.8 billion years ago and our result shows that places on Mars had the same conditions at that time - liquid water, a warm environment and organic matter," said Caroline Freissinet of Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, US.

For example, features resembling dry riverbeds and minerals that only form in the presence of liquid water have been discovered on the Martian surface.

The organic molecules found by the team also have chlorine atoms and include chlorobenzene and several dichloroalkanes, such as dichloroethane.

The Curiosity rover with its suite of instruments including SAM was sent to Mars in 2011 to discover more about the ancient habitable Martian environment by examining clues in the chemistry of rocks and the atmosphere.

Scientists think the crater was once the site of a lake billions of years ago and rocks like mudstone formed from sediment in the lake.

While the team cannot conclude that there was life at Gale crater, the discovery shows that the ancient environment offered a supply of reduced organic molecules for use as building blocks for life and an energy source for life.

Curiosity's earlier analysis of this same mudstone revealed that the environment offered water and chemical elements essential for life and a different chemical energy source.