The FAS anti-monopoly body said Google had violated the law by pre-installing certain applications on mobile devices and could face penalties totalling up to 15 percent of its 2014 revenue in this part of the Russian market.
FAS declined to specify the revenue in question, saying it was a trade secret, but said it would decide on the exact value of the fine after September 28. It added Google must then pay and change its ways, or risk more fines if violations continue.
Google Russia said it would analyse the decision and declined further comment until then.
Shares in Yandex, which rivals Google as Russia's biggest Internet search engine, rose as much as 9 percent before stabilising around 7 percent higher.
Yandex, which filed a complaint against Google with FAS in February, welcomed the decision.
"We believe the FAS decision will serve to restore competition on the market," the company said.
It added the complaint included the practice of bundling applications from the Google Mobile Services with the Google Play store, requiring pre-installation of the Google search engine as the default one, and giving Google application icons preferential placement on the screen of mobile devices.
"In addition, the investigation confirmed the existence of agreements on prohibition of pre-installation of competitors' apps," Yandex said.
Yandex is ahead of Google in Russia but has seen competition stiffen in mobile phones as consumers have adopted Android-based handsets that come pre-loaded with Google products that compete directly with Yandex applications.
Google's total 2014 revenue stood at $66 billion (roughly Rs. 4,37,621 crores). The company's website does not provide a separate revenue figure for Russia, or the exact segment involved in the case.
Analysts at App Annie say Russia was Google's No.4 market in the world in the second quarter of 2015 in terms of Google Play downloads.
The European Union is conducting its own anti-trust case against Google.
© Thomson Reuters 2015
Get your daily dose of tech news, reviews, and insights, in under 80 characters on Gadgets 360 Turbo. Connect with fellow tech lovers on our Forum. Follow us on X, Facebook, WhatsApp, Threads and Google News for instant updates. Catch all the action on our YouTube channel.