7,100-Year-Old Skeleton Reveals Unknown Human Lineage in China

DNA from a 7,100-year-old woman in Yunnan reveals a ghost lineage linked to Tibetan ancestry and early Austroasiatic populations, shedding light on East Asia's ancient genetic diversity.

Written by Gadgets 360 Staff | Updated: 31 May 2025 18:09 IST

7,100-Year-Old Skeleton Reveals Unknown Human Lineage in China

Photo Credit: Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology

Ancient DNA from Yunnan Uncovers Ghost Lineage Linked to Tibetan Ancestry

Highlights

7,100-year-old Xingyi_EN carries DNA from a mysterious ghost lineage
Study links ancient Yunnan DNA to modern Tibetan ancestry
Central Yunnan ancestry tied to early Austroasiatic populations

A new study on a 7,100-year-old skeleton from China has revealed a "ghost" lineage that only existed in theories until now. Skeleton of the early Neolithic woman, known as Xingyi_EN, unearthed at the Xingyi archaeological site in southwestern China's Yunnan province. Her DNA links her to a deeply divergent human population that may have contributed to the ancestry of modern Tibetans. This study also reveals a distinct Central Yunnan ancestry connected to early Austroasiatic-speaking groups. This discovery makes Yunnan as a key region to understand the ancient genetic history of East and Southeast Asia. The detailed analysis of 127 human genomes from southwestern China is published in a study in the journal Science.

Xingyi_EN: A Genetic Link to a Mysterious Past

According to the study, radiocarbon dating indicates Xingyi_EN lived around 7,100 years ago and isotope analysis suggests she lived as a hunter-gatherer. Genetic sequencing revealed her ancestry from a deeply diverged human lineage—now named the Basal Asian Xingyi lineage. This lineage diverged from other modern human groups over 40,000 years ago and remained isolated for thousands of years without mixing with other populations.

This "ghost" lineage does not match DNA from Neanderthals or Denisovans but appears to have later contributed to the ancestry of some modern Tibetans. Xingyi_EN represents the first physical evidence of this previously unknown population.

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Yunnan's significance as a reservoir of deep human diversity

Most of the skeletons that the researchers sampled were dated between 1,400 and 7,150 years ago and came from Yunnan province, which today has the highest ethnic and linguistic diversity in all of China.

"Ancient humans that lived in this region may be key to addressing several remaining questions on the prehistoric populations of East and Southeast Asia," the researchers wrote in the study. Those unanswered questions include the origins of people who live on the Tibetan Plateau, as previous studies have shown that Tibetans have northern East Asian ancestry.

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Further reading: Ancient DNA, Yunnan, Ghost Lineage, Tibetan Ancestry, Human Evolution, Xingyi_EN, Paleogenetics, Archaeogenomics, Prehistoric Asia, Science Study