Europe's Galileo Satellite Navigation System Gets a Fresh Pair of Satellites

Europe's Galileo sat-nav system, a rival to America's GPS, took a step closer to becoming operational with the launch Tuesday of a fresh pair of satellites to join a dozen already in space.

Orbiters 13 and 14 blasted off on a Russian Soyuz rocket from Europe's spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana, at 8:48am GMT as planned, according to a live broadcast by space firm Arianespace.

After a journey of nearly four hours, the pair should enter Earth orbit at an altitude of 23,522 kilometres (14,615 miles).

"Up, up and away! An on-time liftoff for @Arianespace's medium-lift #Soyuz," the company tweeted.

Ultimately, the multi-billion-euro constellation is meant to comprise 30-odd satellites - the final number is yet to be determined - providing navigation and search-and-rescue services.

Another launch, this time of four orbiters on a single rocket, is expected to boost the constellation to 18 by year-end, allowing for Galileo to start providing usable signals.

More modern than the US Global Positioning System (GPS), Galileo's high-tech instruments should allow it to provide a more precise signal.

But the project has been plagued by delays, technical glitches and budgetary difficulties.

The launch of the seventh and eighth orbiters in March last year was about three months late to allow engineers time to probe an August 2014 mishap which sent satellites five and six into a lopsided orbit.

That incident was blamed on frozen fuel pipes on the Soyuz rocket's fourth stage, called Fregat - a problem the European Space Agency (ESA) says has since been fixed.

The first four, so-called In-Orbit Validation (IOV) satellites, were hoisted in 2011 and 2012.

In March 2013, the quartet managed to pinpoint their first-ever ground location with an accuracy of between 10-15 metres (32 to 49 feet).

Catching up
However, the launch of satellites five and six - meant to have been the first fully operational Galileo constituents - was delayed by more than a year due to "technical difficulties".

This was followed by the mislaunch of orbiters seven and eight, which ESA says have since been nudged closer to their intended orbit, although their usefulness to the constellation has yet to be determined.

Another satellite dubbed IOV4, among the first four launched, has since developed antenna problems, according to ESA, but is still able to transmit on one frequency.

The space agency had initially hoped for early navigation services to be available from 2014.

Tuesday's launch, the seventh for Galileo, was a late addition to the schedule in a bid to speed up deployment of the project funded by the European Commission, the European Union's executive body.

It had budgeted some seven billion euros ($7.8 billion or roughly Rs. 52,808 crores) for Galileo until 2020.

The next 12 satellites will be launched with Europe's own Ariane 5 ES launcher, especially adapted to handle four at a time.