US District Judge Manish Shah said the users could sue as a group over messages sent in March 2013 because their claims had enough in common.
Shah rejected Yahoo's arguments that a class action could subject it to damages that were disproportionate to the alleged harm, promote "piecemeal" litigation covering other time periods and phone carriers, and thwart Congress' desire that claims be brought individually in small claims court.
More than 500,000 cellphone users could be part of the class, court papers show.
The plaintiffs accused Yahoo of sending them automated "welcome" messages when other users sent them separate messages via the Yahoo Messenger service.
They said the welcome messages constituted unauthorised advertising for Yahoo services, violating the federal TCPA and subjecting the Sunnyvale, California-based company to damages of up to $1,500 (roughly Rs. 99,000) per message if the violations were wilful.
The case was brought by Rachel Johnson, an Illinois resident who claimed to receive a welcome message from Yahoo after being sent a spam text message from another user advertising a means to reduce high-cost debt.
Shah declined to certify a separate class of T-Mobile US Inc cellphone users for welcome messages sent in April 2014. He said the proposed plaintiff in that part of the case had consented to receiving welcome messages.
Yahoo did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
Keith Keogh, a lawyer for Johnson, said: "We appreciate the court's thorough analysis."
The case is Johnson et al v. Yahoo Inc, US District Court, Northern District of Illinois, Nos. 14-02028, 14-02753.
© Thomson Reuters 2016
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