Isro's Mars Orbiter Mission to Look for Life-Sustaining Elements on the Red Planet

"Though our spacecraft will take 77 hours or 3.2 earth days for each rotation around Mars at a distance of 500 km nearest and over 80,000 km farthest from its surface, it will conduct experiments to study its surface and rich mineral composition and scan its atmosphere for methane gas to find out if the planet can support life," a senior space official told IANS Bangalore Wednesday.

(Also see: Isro's Mangalyaan Enters Mars Orbit; India Creates History)

"The Orbiter has three solar panels for generating energy and three antennas (high, medium and lower) for radio links with earth stations and deep space networks," the official added.

The 475-kg spacecraft with the five instruments (payloads), weighing 15 kg, entered Mars' orbit earlier in the day.

First instrument - Mars Colour Camera (MCC) - will provide images of the planet's surface features and weather patterns such as dust storms.

"The MCC will also supply images of the Red Planet's two moons - Phobos and Deimos," the official said.

Second instrument - Methane Sensor (MS)- will look for the methane gas in the Martian atmosphere, as its presence may indicate whether life can be supported or sustained on the planet.

Third instrument - Mars Exosphere Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) - will study neutral gas atoms found in the outermost part of the Martian atmosphere.

Fourth instrument - Lyman Alpha Photometer (LAP)- will measure relative abundance of two isotopes of hydrogen to understand the process by which Mars has been losing its atmosphere and turning into a dry planet from a wet one.

Lastly, the fifth instrument - Thermal Infrared Imagery Spectrometer (TIIS) - will map the surface temperature to understand the composition and mineralogy of Mars.